Proof-of-work versus proof-of-stake.

Proof-of-work anchors security outside the system: energy and machines must be bought in the real world.

Proof-of-stake anchors security inside the system: you post coins that can be slashed. An attacker must buy a large share of supply and damages their own stake.

Proof-of-work has probabilistic finality; proof-of-stake networks often provide explicit finality within a few blocks.

Recovery differs too: PoW simply continues once the attacker stops paying, while PoS communities can destroy the attacker's stake.

Mining centralises towards cheap energy and large pools; staking towards large custodians and liquid staking protocols.

Judge a network by the actual distribution of hashrate or stake, not by the mechanism alone.